比较级最高级语法总结.doc

1、比较级最高级语法总结比较级的相关用法； 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词small smaller smallest short shorter shortest tall taller tallest great greater greatest（2）双音节词clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；large larger largest n

2、ice nicer nicest able abler ablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；easy easier easiest heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest happy happier happiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；

3、beautiful more beautiful most beautifuldifferent more different most different easily more easily most easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词

4、、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。good/well better best bad/ill worse worst old older/ elder oldest/eldest many/much more most little less least far further/farther furthest/farthest 修饰比较级和最高级的词1. far 用于比较级之前，加强语气；It is far colder today than yesterday . 2. by far 最高级之前，加强语气； 用来强调比较级，放在比较级之后； 放在前面时，则常需在比较级之前加上定冠

5、词the . The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world . The old woman became better by far . Riding a bicycle is by far the easier than driving a car . 3.very 与 much 区别联系；1）. 修饰形容词或副词的原级用very ，不用much .In his early childhood , Einstein did not seem to be very bright . 在童年时代，爱因斯坦似乎不很聪明。2）.修饰动词时，

6、应用much ，不用very ，但可用very much 。I dont like football much (very much ). 我不很喜欢踢足球。3）.much放在形容词或副词的比较级之前，起强调作用；或修饰形容词或副词的最高级，放在定冠词the 之前; very 修饰形容词的最高级，放在定冠词the 之后; It is much hotter today than (it was ) yesterday . 今天比昨天热得多。Mr. Smith is much the best teacher in the school . Mr. Smith is the very best

7、teacher in the school . 史密斯先生是该学校最好的老师。典型例题;-I hear your aunt likes travel ,music , clothes and fine food . -Oh , Yeah, and music may have been of her tastes . A. the rather more respectable B. much the most respectable C. very the most respectable D. even more respectable B 4.比较级前面不能再加more了,more只能和

8、原级形容词构成比较级.more important. 5. a lot, lots , a great deal 修饰比较级，表示程度，词组中不带of . 6. rather 一词与比较级及too连用，fairly / quite 则不能。7. a little , a bit, a few , slightly 稍微，一些，一点 ,比较级前起强调作用。This kind of bicycle is slightly more expensive than that kind . 8. even , much , still , yet 甚至，更，还要；比较级前起强调作用，That job i

9、s so easy , and this job is yet easier . 9. some , any 也可以修饰比较级；some常用于肯定的陈述句以及表示建议或邀请的疑问句； any 常用于否定句，疑问句，条件句中。-Is he any better？ -Yes . He is some better today . 10.用分数，百分数，倍数或时间，长度的名词词组来修饰比较级，可确切表示比较程度。He is one inch taller than I . Our classroom is two feet wider than theirs . 11. much more +不可数

10、名词than -; many more + 可数名词 than - 比较级作定语修饰名词He has made more progress this year than he did last year . more 句中是much 的比较级，作不可数名词progress 的定语，若要说“比去年进步大得多”就要用much 来强调。I have many more books than you . It takes many more hours to go by train from Beijing to Nanjing than to Tianjin. 比较级作定语修饰可数名词，more 是

11、many的比较级，若强调，就用 many 来加强语气。典型例题 1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，I'm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案C. much可修饰比较级，因此B,C都说得通，

12、但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time D4.- Look , I have got a rare stamp here . It cost me two hundred dollars . -Oh , I have a rarer one ; my uncle gave i

13、t to me as a birthday gift . A. much B. yet C. very D. more B 比较级和最高级的用法1.两者相比（甲=乙），用“as+原级+as”表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2.两者相比（甲 乙），用“not as(so) +原级+as”或“less than”表示I didnt do my homework so(as) carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.两者相比（甲乙），用“比较级+than”表示Our city is more b

14、eautiful than any other city in our country.注意：1) 为了避免重复，在从句中常用one, that, those等词来代替前面提过的名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.4比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示“两者中较时”,比较级前要加定冠词。若比较级后有名词，常在比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。He is the taller of the two.他是

15、两者中较高的一个 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得真动听！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。5在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?6.no more -than -和-都不，和-一样部（都不好）not more - than -不及/不比-更-（都好） 注意；more 为adj./adv. 比较级的代替词Tom is no more hard-working than Mike .一样不用功

16、。（都不用功）Tom is not more hard-working than Mike .Tom 不比Mike更用功。（俩人都用功）(2007陕西.7) Though he started late , Mr. Guo played the piano as well as , if _, Miss Liu. A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better A 7. as +adj./ adv .+ as-; many+可数名词 as + much +不可数名词 +- adj +an/a +单数可数名词You

17、may borrow as many books as you can. “Drink as much water as you can.” the doctor said to him.read as many books as possible典型例题；2003北京 Our neighbour has _ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as B8.表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times the size /height/

18、length/width of B. The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学

19、校大两倍。9.比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。10.the +比较级, the+比较级”-. 表示“越越”这一句型表示前者和后者在程度上同样增加或减小，越-越-；这一句型的前半句是从句，后半句是主句，比较级可以是ad

20、j,也可是adv.主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 The harder you work ,the greater progress youll make . The more one has ,the more one wants .越有越贪（人欲无穷）此结构可省略的成分较多。 The more ,the better . The sooner ,the better. (2007.4.20/27)_anxious and _relaxed the learners,_ their language acquisition. A. The less; much ;the b

21、etter B. Less ; more ; better C. More ; less ; worse D. The more ; less ; the worse D 比较级形式表示最高级含义; 主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都1. any other + 单数名词 all the other + 复数名词主语+比较级 + than anyone else/ any + 名词+ else any of the other + 复数名词注意；比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。若主语与比较对象在统一范围内，必须加other / else ，以排除掉本身，若不在同一范围，则不需用other

22、/ else.Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是班上最聪明的学生。Shanghai is bigger than all the other cities in China . He jumps higher than anyone else in his class . China is larger than any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。2.not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，即；否定词语+比较级，或否定词语+ so as

23、，表示最高级，含义为：再没有比更的了。not / never -+a/ an + 比较级+单数名词 常在比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。I have never heard such an interesting story.我从没听过比这更有趣的故了。No other book has a greater effect on my life.没有哪一本书

24、比这本书对我的影响更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life.典型例题；1.Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -_. I love getting close to nature.A.I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not. C.I believe notD.I dont think so.A2. China is larger than in Asia . A. any country B. any other counties C. any country els

25、e D. any counties else C3. How beautifully she sang ! I have never heard song . A. the better B. a better C. the best D. a best B3.would ratherthan”, “preferto”, “prefer to dorather than”这三个句型表示“宁愿而不愿；喜欢胜过；宁愿做而不愿做”含义。虽无比较级形式，但表示比较级含义。He would rather die than give in.他宁死不屈。He preferred to go out rath

26、er than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。4.形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多 Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高级时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示，这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.That wa

27、s the least exciting football game Ive ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed.注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an时，仅表示“很，非常”Monday is my busiest day. 星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。最高级的特殊用法 1 + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示最的之一。 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河流之一。 2 + be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围, 表示是.的第几。 She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。 3 + be + the 最高级 that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。