Unit 3 Reading课件-(2020)新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册.pptx
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1、Unit 3Fit for lifeThe future is in our genes Discuss the possible changes genome editing can bring to human life and health care Explain their attitudes towards “designer babies” Understand the relationship between genetic markers and human lifespansWhat do you know about genes?Genes are small secti
2、ons of DNA within the genome that code for proteins. They contain the instructions for our individual characteristics like eye and hair colour.A gene is a small section of DNA that contains the instructions for a specific molecule, usually a protein.The purpose of genes is to store information. Each
3、 gene contains the information required to build specific proteins needed in an organism.The human genome contains 20,687 protein-coding genes.Genes come in different forms, called alleles. In humans, alleles (等位基因等位基因) of particular genes come in pairs, one on each chromosome (we have 23 pairs of c
4、hromosomes染色体染色体). If the alleles of a particular gene are the same, the organism is described as homozygous for that gene. If they are different the organism is described as heterozygous (等位等位异基因异基因的的) for that gene.An individuals phenotype is determined by the combination of alleles they have.For
5、example, for a gene that determines eye colour there may be several different alleles. One allele may result in blue eyes, while another might result in brown eyes. The final colour of the individuals eyes will depend on which alleles they have and how they interact.The characteristic associated wit
6、h a certain allele can sometimes be dominant or recessive.What advances in medical science have you heard about?Possible answer:I have heard about three-D printing that is used for printing parts of the body to replace those that are lost or injured beyond repair. For example, a leg or ear can be th
7、ree-D printed to the precise measurements of the patient. Precision medicine is another medical advance I know about. This health care approach takes into consideration patients genes, lifestyles and environments to find unique risk factors and develop personalized therapies. Both of these provide a
8、ccurate and effective treatments for the patients.What do you know about genes?Possible answer:I know that genes are found in the cells of all living things. Genes are very small and carry the DNA information which decides what we become. All living organisms have different genes; therefore, no two
9、individuals are 100% alike, even though there may be similarities. At the DNA level, not even identical twins are the same. Scientists are studying genes to help prevent health problems from being passed on from parents to their children. They are also trying to find ways to treat diseases that are
10、caused by bad genes.Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.A1IntroductionPara.1: Genome editing brings many exciting possibilities.Main bodyPara.2:Para.4Para.5:ConclusionGenes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Para.3:Genome editing can h
11、elp with disease treatment and prevention.Many people are concerned about how to use genome editing appropriately.Despite the public argument, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.引入话题引入话题展开论述展开论述总结陈述总结陈述讲座(讲座(lecture)是主讲人向听众传授某方面知)是主讲人向听众传授某方面知识、技巧,或改善某种能力、心态的一
12、种公识、技巧,或改善某种能力、心态的一种公开、半公开的学习形式。为了在有限的时间开、半公开的学习形式。为了在有限的时间内清晰、条理地向听众传递信息,讲座文稿内清晰、条理地向听众传递信息,讲座文稿往往遵循特定的结构:引入话题往往遵循特定的结构:引入话题展开论展开论述述总结陈述。总结陈述。Read paragraph 2 and introduce the genome in your own words.A genome is the complete set of genes of a cell or a living being. It contains various informatio
13、n which determines the characteristics and lifespan of a living being.Read paragraph 3 and answer the question.Because genes are related to diseases, geneticists can use the technology of genome editing to change the specific genetic materials which cause the diseases, thus helping in the fight agai
14、nst diseases.How can genome editing help people fight against diseases?Read paragraph 4 and answer the question.Genome editing may cause a series of consequences. It may allow geneticists to enhance healthy bodies and even create “designer babies”, both of which can lead to moral condemnations. If t
15、he technology cannot be properly controlled and restricted, it may be misused.What consequences will genome editing bring?Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.A21 What information does our personal genome carry?It carries all the information needed to make u
16、s grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.2 How can geneticists make changes to the genome?By correcting, adding, deleting replacing specific parts of the genetic material.3 How might genome editing make
17、 it possible to prevent diseases from developing?By correcting abnormal genes early on.4 What is a “designer baby”?A “designer baby” is a baby whose characteristics have been specifically selected before it is born.5 What does the lecturer compare uncontrolled genome editing to?The lecturer compares
18、 it to a car out of control.Fill in the following chart.LifeSafety In our genesGenes: They are critical _Genome editing: it will lead to _Appropriate controls on genome editing: They make sure _The futurein shaping our livesHealth a fundamentalchange in our approaches to health carethat this new tec
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