考研英语新题型练习.docx

1 填空式阅读填空式阅读 (新题型新题型) 部分部分 三种备选题型 从命题形式看命题原理： 一篇填空式阅读的文章也是由两大信息板块组成的： 已知信息 -（原文在空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息） 未知（待选信息） -（就是后面的待选选项中的信息，而这些信息实际上也不 是未知的，也是考生通过阅读可以把握的信息，所以称为待选信息更合适） 这个题型也是在考生对这两个信息板块之间互动关系的把握 测试点分析 判断和把握两个信息板块之间“相近性”的能力 判断和把握两个信息板块之间“衔接性”的能力 做题大原则 就近原则、衔接原则 最终的评判原则： 连贯性 把握了衔接原则 一致性 把握了就近原则 推荐的解题步骤 根据填空式阅读的命题形式，建议考生按照以下步骤来解题： 先阅读原文文章的首段；先阅读原文文章的首段； 阅读后面的阅读后面的备选选项；备选选项； 再阅读原文的信息，进行解题；再阅读原文的信息，进行解题； 最后，通读全文；最后，通读全文； 解题方法的基本设计思路 - “由点入面、以点串面“ 7 选 5 排序 匹配 2 破解新题型的八大解题方法体系： 方法 1：复现结构定位法 方法 2：上下文逻辑关系定位法 方法 3：总分/分总结构法 方法 4：举例定位法 方法 5：时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法 方法 6：排比结构衔接法 方法 7：无关词排除法 方法 8：代词指代关系定位法 如何浏览阅读后面的如何浏览阅读后面的备选选项；备选选项； 1.代词 They are striving to get rid of the economic consequence of 2. 转折（否定） 3. 客观名词（人名、地名、国家名、专有名词） 4. 关键词（名词） 5： 特殊标点 : - 3 大纲样题解析 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41 Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate. 42___ Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting. 43 There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. 44___ Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast. 4 45___ About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings. AThe shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate. CThe first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air. DThe best index fossils tend to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world. EThe earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks. FWhen an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved. 5 GMany factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form. 4141 题分析题分析 逻辑关系定位法逻辑关系定位法 / / 复现结构定位法复现结构定位法 4242 题分析题分析 复现结构定位法复现结构定位法 4343 题分析题分析 复现结构定位法复现结构定位法 4444 题分析题分析 举例定位法举例定位法 出题方式一： 被例子所指的信息 例子信息 设定在原文信息中 设定在待选信息中 出题方式二： 被例子所指的信息 例子信息 设定在待选信息中 设定在原文信息中 6 例题： The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it wont stay American. no matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, its soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that is has been advertised and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. 41 They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called the spirit of America. 42___ The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why its spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 43____ Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 44____. The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock “n” roll and all its variations, country each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid. D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people. E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields. G There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health. 22 代词指代关系定位法代词指代关系定位法 例题： 41 They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. 出题人在出这种涉及代词的题时，同举例定位法一样，也有两种有关代词出现位 置的设置方式： 无论代词是被设置在原文信息中还是在后面的待选选项的信息中， 此类题的最好 切入点都是从代词入手，因为代词容易被辨认出来，通过先定位代词，再顺藤摸 瓜查找出哪个信息板块包含指代的人或事物。 例题： In 1959 the average American family paid 989 for a years supply of food. In 1972 the family paid1，311.That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables，fruit，meat，eggs，and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture，the farmers share of the1，311spent by the family in 1972 was 521.This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in1959. 代词 设置在原文信息中 被指代的人或事物 设置在待选选项的信息中 代词 设置在待选选项的信息中 被指代的人或事物 设置在原文信息中 23 But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers，meat packers，manufacturers of packages and other food containers，and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41 Of the 1，311family food bill in1972，middlemen received790，which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959.It appears that the middlemens profit has increased more than farmers. But some economists claim that the middlemans actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank，the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. 42____ 43 Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several TV dinners are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals， consisting of meat，vegetables，and sometimes desert，all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44____ Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a days work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her familys table easily and quickly. 45____ It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers， consumers， and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs. 24 A Thus，as economists point out: Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods，which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processors plant. B They are among the middlemen who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? C If the housewife wants all of these the economists say，that is her privilege， but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier. D Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives， but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women dont want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. E However，some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control， the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord（房主）can charge for an apartment. F Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. G By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. 25 破解新题型的八大解题方法体系破解新题型的八大解题方法体系： 方法 1：复现结构定位法 方法 2：上下文逻辑关系定位法 方法 3：总分 / 分总结构法 方法 4：举例定位法 方法 5：时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法 方法 6：排比结构衔接法 方法 7：无关词排除法 方法 8：代词指代关系定位法 由点入面由点入面 以点串面以点串面 三位一体三位一体 三种备选题型均可应用三种备选题型均可应用 点面结合点面结合